Imperialism in British South Africa

• Imperialism:  a practice in which a country increases its power by gaining control over other areas of the world.

 Europeans first came into contact with South Africa by Portuguese traders, who began trading in South Africa. then the Dutch started pouring in by the seventeenth century, and used Cape of Good Hope as their fueling station, and then later settled there. The Dutch called themselves Afrikaners. 

In the nineteenth century the British started a formal imperial rule over the Afrikaners and the native Africans by establishing themselves in Cape of Good Hope. The Imperial rule of British in South Africa leads to the difference with the Afrikaners, who were already having a conflict with an African kingdom that was itself involved in territorial expansion. 

The discovery of diamonds in 1867 and gold in 1886 leads to the imposition of formal British rule over South Africa and superseded all existing conflicts.The discovery of diamonds in 1867 near the Vaal River, ended the isolation of the Boers and changed South African history. The discovery triggered a "diamond rush" that attracted people from all over the world and turned Kimberley into a town of 50,000 within five years. At first, everyone worked independent claims in four areas surrounding Kimberley, but as the mines went deeper, they became more difficult to work, and a number of businessmen managed to consolidate them into larger mines, and later exploited them with heavy mining equipment.

In order to ensure full profits of the diamond and gold mines into the hand of British Empire in South Africa, rigid policies like full power over the African labor and African movement emerged. Imperialism in South Africa provoked racial discrimination later in twentieth-century

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Michelangelo was born march 6th, 1475, in Caprese Italy. he was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer of the renaissance age.Michelangelo was considered the greatest living artist in his lifetime, and ever since then he has been held to be one of the greatest artists of all time. Michelangelo's greatest work was his sculpture David. a marble stone statue, and the sistine chapel, created out of fresco. the artwork that Michelangelo created during his lifetime, made him important during the renaissance age, he gave the the beauty of artwork that we still marvel at today. 

R&R

secular- not having to do with religion

da Vinci- painted the monalisa; he was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician. 

Gutenberg- created the Gutenberg bible, which was the first Europeian book produced from a move able type.

 

humanism-movement during the renaissance: studied grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history

frescoe-stlye of painting,done with fresh, wet plaster with water based paints. 

Michelangelo-an acompolished paintor, sculpter, and archtect. painted the sistine chapel in rome. 

Brunelleschi-desinged he church of San Lorenzo, bought new architecture to Florence.

Desiderius Erasmus- best known christian humanist

salvation- acceptance into heaven

indulgence-a release from all or part of a punishment for sin

Huldrych Zwingli- priest in Zürich

Calvinism-the Protestant theological system: justification by faith alone and emphasizes the grace of God and the doctrine of predestination.

Anglicanism-tradition within Christianity comprising the Church of England and churches which are historically tied to it or have similar beliefs, worship practices and church structures.

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Aztec WWWWWH Blog Post- Aztec Calendar

Aztec WWWWWH Blog Post

Aztec Calendar:

• What is the Aztec Calendar and how did it work?

The Aztecs used a very intricate way of tracking the days. They followed two main calendars which are both similar to the calendars we use today. One calendar was sacred and consisted of 20 days in every 13 months, equaling 360 days. The other calendar was agricultural or solar calendar and consisted of 20 days in every 18 months, equaling 365 days. This meant that every 52 years the calendars would start on the same day; when this happened, a ceremony would be held to celebrate- this day of celebration is called the Fire ritual. 

• Who created the Calendar?

it is unknown who exactly created the stone Calendar  but by the intricate craving, whoever did had knowledge of geometry as well as knowledge of craftsmanship. 

• When was the calendar created?

The artist carved the Aztec calendar stone in 1479. 




• Where was the Calendar Created?  

Originally located in the main ceremonial plaza of Tenochtitlan. It was uncovered in Mexico City in 1790.

• Why was it created; what was the use?

The use of the aztec calendar weas to track the days, and It is believed by archeologists that the Aztec calendar was derived from the Maya system. The Aztecs followed two main calendars which are both similar to the calendars we use today.  

• How was the Calendar created?

 It was carved from basalt - a solidified lava, this being an area where volcanos were common.  

Rise of the Mongols

The geography of the Steppe provided important routes for travel and trade. The flat, grassy lands provided a route between asia and europe, where horses, camels, and donkeys traveled through for thousands of years. During the 13th century, the mongol- lead by Genghis Khan couqured most of europe with his expert horseman. He conquered everywhere from what is now mongolia, china, central asia, and the lands around the Caspian Sea; taking over approximately 24,000,000 square kilometers. Living on the steppe, it was priority to be tough and rugged people to survive; the learned from a young age (2 or 3) to use a bow and arrow to hunt and kill, Creating future warriors when they were older. the mongols survived by living a nomadic lifestyle- never staying completely dormant and moving around a lot: living in Yurts which they could pack up efficiently and more along to the next area. This is why they were able to conquer so much land in  a short period of time. Relying on their animals, pastorialsim, from substance: drinking their blood, milk, and eating their meat. the steppe provided the grassy plains for the animals to graze, hence why this type of living worked to well for them.

The most important Mongolian Khan was Genghis Khan. he was very loyal to his army. a He became so powerfulby uniting the nomadic tribes into one giant clan; after that, he started the Mongol invasions, which led to him conquering most of Eurasia. he used tactics to conquer. He had his own laws called Yasa, it was written in the Uighur script that he had introduced as the written language to the mongols. These laws included respecting elders and even slaves. You were to share your food with the poor and look after them. The laws were written on scrolls that were bound in volumes and kept hidden in secret archives to which only the supreme ruler and his closest associates were allowed access to.  The key to Mongol superiority in battle, was their success in peace. All religions and cultures were allowed to exist. The Mongols did not try to impose their values on the people they conquered. Instead, they learned from everyone. It made them smarter, better in battle,and much more effective in governing.

The Mongol invasion of China, exposed them to advanced technology and engineering skills. It was with Chinese technology that the Mongols thrust across Europe and into the Middle East. Gunpowder, catapults and other siege machines, along with Chinese engineers and laborers who could build a bridge across a wide river literally overnight. They adapted their sword making to the stronger steel. they Mongols used a thick silk garment which caused the arrows to literally slide off the silk. This was an early form of bullet proof vest, because the arrows would not pierce the silk. Even if the arrow entered the body they could pull it out since the silk also entered the wound and could be extracted without damaging tissue or leaving behind infectious bacteria. 

Confucianism